Italy is the first case in the world – and the only one in Europe – of competition between high-speed rail operators. By international standards, our country’s regulatory structure and pricing are particularly advanced. In the next few years, numerous factors of change will affect the mobility and the evolution of the railway system: demographic and social, environmental, economic, and technological. In spite of the uncertainties, all the scenarios and predictions as to future mobility assign a central role to rail transport, which will form a fundamental part of a more sustainable, integrated, electrified, and digital mobility system. The railway sector investment plan programmed for the coming years will contribute to reducing the connectivity gaps and the high degree of use of some routes, improving the levels of safety and reliability, punctuality and regularity of passenger transport services, the usability and quality of the stations, and the connectivity of the freight network.