Search
Applied filters:
European Diversity Without Unity
A clear distinction exists between the U.S. and Europe: while the former is a nation, the latter is a sum of many nations, even larger than the number of states of which it consists. This heterogeneity, especially at a cultural level, makes it hard to speak of a single European capitalism, with unique and similar characteristics. There are actually different types, strongly rooted in the cultural ...
The Return of the State? It Depends
The financial crisis of 2008-2009 did not lead to a return of the state in the economy, but to a liquidity crisis. In Europe, this was less acute than in the United States, where for example the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP) avoided bankruptcies, but did not solve the underlying problems, such as those of the three large automotive companies (General Motors, Chrysler, and Ford), which suffered ...
Nationalizations and Privatizations from a Historical Perspective
In Italy, the mixture between public and private has been an unavoidable characteristic in the nation's path of economic modernization. Between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, state initiative gave concrete form to the unification of the country, providing indispensible infrastructure. The companies in the IRI group were then the protagonists of the "economic miracle," in which the attitude ...
The Bumpy Road of the Exit from the Mixed Economy
The divestment of the companies held by IRI did not require any additional intervention in terms of public finance, demonstrating their evident condition of good health. The privatizations were also driven by an essentially financial logic: the state sought high and immediate financial proceeds, but often without an in-depth evaluation of the quality of the buyers or the consequences of the divestments ...